| Name | Dates | Nationality | Known for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adam Smith | 1723 - 1790 | Scottish | The Wealth of Nations |
| Al-Ghazali | 1058 - 1111 | Persian | Islamic Philosophy |
| Alain de Benoist | 1943 | French | Founding Nouvelle Droite and GRECE |
| Alan Turing | 1912 - 1954 | British | Turing Machine and Turing Test |
| Alan Watts | 1915 -1973 | British, American | Interpreting and popularizing Easter Philosophy |
| Albert Camus | 1913 - 1960 | French | Novels The Strager and The Plague |
| Albertus Magnus | 1200 -1280 | German | Being the teacher of St. Thomas Aquinas |
| Anaximenes | BC 585 - 528 | Greek | His doctrine that air is the source of all things |
| Aristotle | BC 384 – 322 | Greek | Being the teacher of Alexander the Great |
| Arthur Schopenhauer | 1788 - 1860 | German | The World as Will and Representation (Book) |
| Auguste Comte | 1798 -1857 | French | Founding Sociology |
| Averroes | 1126 - 1198 | Andalusian | Reconciliation of Aristotelianism with Islam |
| Ayn Rand | 1905 - 1982 | Russain, American | Objectivism, The Atlas Shrugged (Novel) |
| Baruch Spinoza | 1632 - 1677 | Dutch | Ethics (Book) |
| Bertrand Russell | 1872 -1970 | British | Founder of Analytical Philosophy |
| Cesare Beccaria | 1738 -1794 | Italian | Founder of Classical Criminal Theory |
| Charles Sanders Peirce | 1839 -1914 | American | Founder of Pragmatism |
| Cometan | 1998 | British | Founder of Astronism |
| Confucius | BC 551 - 479 | Chinese | Founder of Confucianism |
| Daniel Dennett | 1942 | American | Arguments that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes in the brain |
| David Hume | 1711 - 1776 | Scottish | His highly influential system of radical philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism |
| Democritus | BC 460 -370 | Greek | Formulation of an atomic theory of the universe |
| Diogenes | BC 412 - 323 | Greek | Founder of Cynic philosophy |
| Edmund Burke | 1729 - 1797 | Irish | Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (Book) |
| Edmund Husserl | 1859 -1938 | German | School of Phenomenology |
| Emile Durkheim | 1858 - 1917 | French | Institutionalizing sociology, Introducing the sacred–profane dichotomy |
| Emma Goldman | 1869 -1940 | American | Developing Anarchist Political Philosophy |
| Epictetus | 55 -135 | Greek | Stoicism |
| Epicurus | BC 341–270 | Greek | Founder of Epicureanism |
| Francis Bacon | 1561 -1626 | British | Baconian method |
| Friedrich Engels | 1820 -1895 | German | The Communist Manifesto |
| Friedrich Hayek | 1899 - 1992 | Austrian, British | Classical Liberalism |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | 1844 -1900 | German | His writings on good and evil, the end of religion in modern society and the concept of a "super-man". |
| George Berkeley | 1685 - 1753 | Irish | Subjective Idealism |
| George Herbert Mead | 1863 - 1931 | American | Founder of Social Psychology |
| George Santayana | 1863 - 1952 | Spanish | Famous Sayings |
| Georges Bataille | 1897 - 1962 | French | The accursed share, base materialism, limit-experience |
| Gilles Deleuze | 1925 -1995 | French | Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus, A Thousand Plateaus |
| Giordano Bruno | 1548 - 1600 | Italian | Cosmological theories |
| Gorgias | BC 485 -380 | Greek | Father of Sophistry |
| Gottfried Leibniz | 1646 - 1716 | German | Optimism, Advocacy of Rationalism |
| Hannah Arendt | 1906 -1975 | American | The Origins of Totalitarianism (Book) |
| Henry David Thoreau | 1817 - 1862 | American | Walden (Book) |
| Hildegard Of Bingen | 1098 - 1179 | German | Founder of scientific natural history in Germany |
| Hypatia | 355 - 415 | Greek | Head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria |
| Ibn Sina | 980 -1037 | Persian | Islamic Philosophy |
| Immanuel Kant | 1724 -1804 | German | Modern Philosophy |
| Iris Murdoch | 1919 - 1999 | British | Philosophical Novels |
| Jacques Derrida | 1930 - 2004 | French | Developing Deconstruction |
| Jacques Lacan | 1901 - 1981 | French | Psychoanalysis |
| Jean Baudrillard | 1929 - 2007 | French | Analyses of the modes of mediation and technological communication |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | 1712 - 1778 | Swiss | Development of Modern Politicial and Educational Thought |
| Jean-Paul Sartre | 1905 -1980 | French | Philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology |
| Jeremy Bentham | 1748 - 1832 | British | Founder of modern utilitarianism |
| Jiddu Krishnamurti | 1895 - 1996 | Indian | Works on philosophical and spritual issues |
| John Dewey | 1859 - 1952 | American | Association with pragmatism, founder of social psychology |
| John Hick | 1922 -2012 | British | Philosophy of religion |
| John Locke | 1632 -1704 | British | Father of Classical Liberalism |
| John Rawls | 1921 -2002 | American | A Theory of Justice (Book) |
| John Searle | 1932 | American | His contributions to the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind and social philosophy |
| John Stuart Mill | 1806 - 1873 | British | His contribution to social theory, political theory and political economy |
| Jonathan Edwards | 1703 - 1758 | American | Role in the First Great Awakening |
| Judith Butler | 1956 | American | Gender Trouble (Book) |
| Julia Kristeva | 1941 | Bulgarian-French | The "semiotic" of the pre-mirror stage |
| Jürgen Habermas | 1929 | German | His theories on communicative rationality and the public sphere |
| Karl Barth | 1886 -1968 | Swiss | Protestant theology |
| Karl Jaspers | 1883 - 1969 | German-Swiss | Existentialism |
| Karl Marx | 1818 - 1883 | German/stateless | The Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital |
| Lao Tzu | BC 601 - 531 | Chinese | Tao Te Ching, Taoism |
| Lucien Goldmann | 1913 - 1970 | French | Marxist theorist |
| Ludwig Wittgenstein | 1889 - 1951 | Austrian, British | Picture theory of language |
| Marcus Aurelius | 121 - 180 | Roman | Meditations (Book) |
| Mario Bunge | 1919 | Argentine | Treatise on Basic Philosophy (Book) |
| Martha Nussbaum | 1947 | American | Capability approach |
| Martin Buber | 1878 - 1965 | Austrian | Philosophy of dialogue |
| Martin Heidegger | 1889 - 1976 | German | Being and Time (Book) |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | 1759 - 1797 | English | A Vindication of the Rights of Woman |
| Max Scheler | 1874 - 1928 | German | Founder of Phenomenology |
| Max Stirner | 1806 -1856 | German | The Ego and Its Own (Book) |
| Meister Eckhart | 1260 - 1328 | German | Spritual Philosophy |
| Michel Foucault | 1926 - 1984 | French | Theories on power and knowledge |
| Miguel De Unamuno | 1864 - 1936 | Spanish | The Tragic Sense of Life (Book) |
| Niccolò Machiavelli | 1469 - 1527 | Italian | The Prince (Book) |
| Nick Bostrom | 1973 | Swedish | Founder of Future of Humanity Institute |
| Noam Chomsky | 1928 | American | Father of modern linguistics |
| Parmenides | BC 515 - 460 | Greek | Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy |
| Peter Singer | 1946 | Australian | Animal Liberation (Book) |
| Plato | 427 - 347 | Greek | Founder of the Academy in Athens |
| René Descartes | 1596 - 1650 | French | Father of Modern Philosophy |
| Robert Nozick | 1938 - 2002 | American | Anarchy, State, and Utopia (Book) |
| Roland Barthes | 1915 - 1980 | French | Influencing structuralism, semiotics and anthropology |
| Rosa Luxemburg | 1871 - 1919 | Polish | Marxist theorist |
| Rudolf Steiner | 1861 - 1925 | Austrian | Founder of Anthroposophy |
| Seneca | BC 4 - 65 AD | Roman | Stoicism |
| Sigmund Freud | 1856 - 1939 | Austrian | Father of Psychoanalysis |
| Simone De Beauvoir | 1908 - 1986 | French | Existential feminism |
| Simone Weil | 1909 - 1943 | French | Christian Mysticism |
| Socrates | 469 - 399 | Greek | Founder of Western Philosophy |
| Sor Juana | 1651 - 1695 | Spanish | The Dream |
| Søren Kierkegaard | 1813 - 1855 | Danish | First existentialist philosopher |
| Theodor Adorno | 1903 - 1969 | German | Critical theory of society |
| Thomas Aquinas | 1225 - 1274 | Italian | Father of Thomism |
| Thomas Hobbes | 1588 - 1679 | English | Leviathan (Book), Foundation of Western Philosophy |
| Thomas Jefferson | 1743 - 1826 | American | Founder of America |
| Thomas Kühn | 1922 - 1996 | American | The Structure of Scientific Revolutions |
| U.G. Krishnamurti | 1918 - 2007 | Indian | Spritual Philosophy |
| Voltaire | 1694 - 1778 | French | Enlightment Thinker |
| Walter Benjamin | 1892 - 1940 | German | Auratic perception, aestheticization of politics |
| Wilhelm Reich | 1897 - 1957 | Austrian | Controversial and Often radical ideas |
| William James | 1842 - 1910 | American | The Will to Believe Doctrine, the pragmatic theory of truth, radical empiricism |
| William Lane Craig | 1949 | American | Debates on the existence of God |